Sonic the Hedgehog (ソニック・ザ・ヘッジホッグ Sonikku za Hejjihoggu?) is a Japanese video game franchise created and owned by Sega. The franchise was created mainly by the company's Japanese developers; Yuji Naka, Naoto Ohshima and Hirokazu Yasuhara, to compete in entertainment, specifically the video game market. The mainline games are platformers mostly developed by Sonic Team; spin-off games, often outsourced to other studios, encompass a variety of other genres. The series also includes printed media, animations, films, and merchandise.
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The series started in 1991 with the release of Sonic the Hedgehog on the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis, to provide Sega with a mascot to compete with Nintendo's Mario. The success of the game was responsible for turning Sega into a leading video game company during the early 1990s. The next few mainline games were developed by Sega Technical Institute, and a number of spin-offs were released for the Sega Master System and Game Gear. Following a hiatus during the Sega Saturn era, the first major 3D Sonic game, Sonic Adventure, was released in 1998. In 2001, Sega exited the console market and shifted to third-party development, with the series being continued on Nintendo, Xbox and PlayStation consoles.
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