Editing Doctor Eggman (section)

==Concept and creation==
[[File:S1concept-eggman.jpg|thumb|left|200px|alt=Illustration by Naoto Ohshima of a mustachioed man in pajamas that evolved into Doctor Eggman.|Initial concept artwork for the character that would evolve into Dr. Eggman.]]
In April 1990, [[Sega]] sought a new mascot to rival [[Nintendo]]'s [[Mario]].<ref name="lame title">{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/features/essential-50-sonic|title=Sonic Boom|last=Kennedy|first=Sam|publisher=[[Wikipedia:1UP.com|1UP.com]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604011401/http://www.1up.com/features/essential-50-sonic|archivedate=June 4, 2011|accessdate=September 24, 2014}}</ref> Several character designs were submitted by its AM8 research and development department, which later evolved into [[Sonic Team]]. Among these was a sketch of a mustachioed man in pajamas, drawn by [[Naoto Ohshima]].<ref name="Realcreator"/> This concept was set aside in favor of [[Sonic the Hedgehog]], also designed by Ohshima.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 21, 2018|title=Sonic the Hedgehog's origin story, according to the devs who made him|url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/-i-sonic-the-hedgehog-i-s-origin-story-according-to-the-devs-who-made-him|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201110459/https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/-i-sonic-the-hedgehog-i-s-origin-story-according-to-the-devs-who-made-him|archivedate=February 1, 2022|accessdate=February 22, 2022|publisher=[[Wikipedia:Game Developer (website)|Game Developer]]}}</ref>

Seeing potential in the design, Sonic Team eventually revisited the concept, retooling him into the main antagonist instead.<ref name="Visions1992">{{Cite journal |date=September 1992 |title=Sega on the Cutting Edge - Sonic the Hedgehog 2 |url=https://archive.org/details/Sega-Visions-Issue-09 |journal=Sega Visions |publisher=Infotainment World |issue=9 |pages=20–21 |quote='''SV''': Where did the other characters in the game come from? / '''[[Yuji Naka]]''': We wanted one of the characters in the game to be egg-shaped, so we created Robotnik. It was a great character, but since it couldn't be the main character, we made him the bad guy.}}</ref> Ohshima aimed for a design that was easy for children to draw, hence the rotund shape. In developing the character, the team made him Sonic's opposite, representing technology to play on the environmentalist culture of the 1990s.<ref name="Realcreator"/> When in development the character was named "Eggman" is a mystery, as he spent some time designed like [[Media:Sonic Gems 300.jpg|a bee]].

===Naming and Western interpretations===
[[File:Robotnik 4.png|thumb|left|180px|alt=North American artwork of "Doctor Robotnik" from the early 1990s. His glasses are noticeably replaced by completely black eyes and his gloves are missing.|1990s Western stock artwork of "Dr. Robotnik".]]
When ''Sonic the Hedgehog'' first released, Sega of America named the character "Dr. Ivo Robotnik". This name was made by Sega game counselor and designer [[Dean Sitton]]: "Ivo" was picked because of its phonetic similarity with the word ''evil'' and its reversal to ''ovi'', Latin for ''eggs'', while "Robotnik" was chosen for its Slavic roots related to work, fitting with the game's industrial themes. Other names considered were "Mr. Badwrench" and "Dr. X".<ref name="SittonRetro">{{Cite web |date=January 16, 2009 |title=DeanSatan enters the fray! |url=https://forums.sonicretro.org/index.php?threads/deansatan-enters-the-fray.13659 |work=Sonic Retro |accessdate=May 13, 2022}}</ref> This name change was done without [[Sonic Team]]'s consent.<ref name="EggmanRobotnik">{{Cite web |author=Casey |date=June 4, 2016 |title=Sega Explains How Dr. Robotnik Came To Be Called Eggman |url=https://www.siliconera.com/2016/06/24/sega-explains-dr-robotnik-came-called-eggman/ |work=Siliconera |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20160625131949/https://www.siliconera.com/2016/06/24/sega-explains-dr-robotnik-came-called-eggman/ |archivedate=June 5, 2016 |accessdate=May 13, 2022 |quote='''[[Takashi Iizuka]]''': When the game was originally developed in Japan, they called the character Eggman. That was the name of the character, but when the game got localized and ported into the Sonic the Hedgehog that we know in the West, they decided to, without confirming with the development team, change his name to Ivo Robotnik or just Robotnik. That's kind of when everyone first learned about the character. Of course, this was without consulting the people who made the game. They just kind of went off and did it. It became super popular and everyone in the West kind of learned about the character as Robotnik. [...] We [Sega of Japan] really didn't want to have anyone in the universe with two names. To us, he's Eggman, but in the rest of the world he's called Robotnik. We wanted to unify that into one name moving forward. This is something I actually did in the Sonic Adventure series. I made it so that we understand the character's name is Robotnik, but his nickname is Eggman, and as far as everyone is concerned in the world now, we're just going to call him Eggman as his official name.}}</ref>

At Sega of Japan's permission, Sega of America developed their canon in their [[Sonic Bible]] document, a reference document used by screenwriters, they established that Robotnik was originally a kind scientist named "Dr. Ovi Kintobor", who turned into his current self following a lab accident. The character was depicted with inconsistent designs in the West, often with variations from the Japanese design, such as omitting his glasses and gloves, and exposing completely black eyes. In some occasions, his designs from the [[DiC Entertainment]] cartoons were used instead, such as in ''[[Dr. Robotnik's Mean Bean Machine]]''. These differences were slowly abandoned over time, and the Japanese canon became the standard.

All the while, the Japanese material referred to the character as "Eggman", as the Western material called him "Robotnik".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sega.sonic1px&hl=en_US&gl=US|title=Sonic the Hedgehog™ Classic|publisher=Google Play Games|date=January 21, 2017|accessdate=February 9, 2022|quote=While 'Eggman' is Dr. Robotnik's nickname in the West, he has always been known as 'Eggman' in Japan.}}</ref> When the Sonic series was transitioning into 3D, ''[[Sonic Adventure]]'' became the first time both names were officially used, with subsequent releases primarily referring to him as "Eggman". Since, it was established that "Ivo Robotnik" was his birth name and "Eggman" a nickname coined by [[Sonic the Hedgehog]] that the doctor adopted.<ref name="EggmanRobotnik"/><ref name="SoA">{{Cite web|author=[[Sega|Sega of America]]|publisher=[[Sega]]|url=http://www.sega.com/sonic/globalsonic/post_sonicteam.php?article=nakainterview|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20040124111152/http://www.sega.com/sonic/globalsonic/post_sonicteam.php?article=nakainterview|title=Yuki Naka on Sonic's Past, Present, and Future part 2|archivedate=January 24, 2004|date=February 2004|quote='''Sega.com''': Did Sonic have a hand in changing Dr. Robotnik's name to Dr. Eggman for the United States games? If so, was he trying to make fun of his nemesis? / '''[[Yuji Naka]]''': To tell the truth, his name has not changed. Robotnik is his real name and Eggman is a common name taken after his shape. Possibly, it may have been Sonic, who uttered this alias for the first time! I feel, though, Sonic uses this name affectionately, rather than trying to make fun of the doctor.}}</ref> The name "Robotnik" is occasionally acknowledged for the character's family, but is used very rarely to refer to the character "Eggman" himself in Japan. While he is oftentimes called "Eggman" in Japanese sources, the use of "Robotnik" has only been on rare occasions like guides of ''[[Sonic Adventure]]'' and ''[[Sonic Jam]]'' in said region.{{Citation needed}}